Modeling Perceptions and Preference of Home-based and Center-based Telecommuting


BY
DAVID MICHAEL STANEK
B.S. (University of California, Davis) 1993


THESIS

Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Civil and Environmental Engineering in the OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. December 1995.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgements
Abstract

1. Introduction
1.1 Scope and Motivation
1.2 RABO Project
1.3 Outline
2. Review of Telecommuting Literature
2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
2.2 Forms of Telecommuting
2.3 Telecommuting Decision Theory
2.4 Preference Modeling Efforts
3. Data Description and Exploratory Analysis
3.1 Analysis Outline
3.2 Survey Structure
3.3 Part A: Job Characteristics
3.4 Part B: Job Satisfaction
3.5 Part C: Work Environment
3.6 Part D: Importance of Work Characteristics
3.7 Part E: Amount of Telecommuting
3.8 Part F: Travel Characteristics
3.9 Part G: Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.10 Implications for Preference Modeling
4. Factor Analysis
4.1 Definition
4.2 Methods
4.3 Part B Factors: Job Satisfaction
4.4 Part C Factors: Work Attitudes
5. Model Description
5.1 Logit Modeling
5.2 Variable Description
5.3 Preference for Telecommuting Center
5.4 Preference for Home
5.5 Preference for Center vs. Home
5.6 Discussion of Final Models
6. Conclusion
6.1 Summary
6.2 Directions for Further Research
7. Bibliography

Appendix A: Before Telecommuting Center Employee Survey

Appendix B: Data Description Tables and Charts
B.1 Part B, C, & D Questions
Appendix C: Modeling Statistics
C.1 T-test Results
C.2 Logit Model Statistics


LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figures
2-1 Schematic Model of the Decision-Making Process
Tables
2-1 Possible Effects of Telecommuting on Employees
2-2 Possible Effects of Telecommuting on Employers
2-3 Possible Effects of Telecommuting on the Transportation System
3-1 Number and Percentage for Employment Type
3-2 Number and Percentage for Work Schedule
3-3 Mean and Standard Deviation for Percentage of Work Spent
3-4 Part B Significant ANOVA Results
3-5 Part C ANOVA Results (P-values)
3-6 Most Important Work Characteristics
3-7 Least Important Work Characteristics
3-8 Mean and Standard Deviation for Ideal Distribution of Time
3-9 Mean and Standard Deviation for Travel Characteristics
3-10 Number and Percentage for Sociodemographic Characteristics
3-11 Mean and Standard Deviation for Household and Vehicle Variables
3-12 Number and Percentage for Education Categories
3-13 Number and Percentage for Household Income Categories
4-1 Part B Factor Analysis Pattern Matrix
4-2 Mean and Standard Deviation for Part B Factor Scores
4-3 Part C Factor Analysis Pattern Matrix
4-4 Mean and Standard Deviation for Part C Factor Scores
4-5 Part C Factors ANOVA Results (P-values)
5-1 Preference to Telecommute
5-2 Center Preference Model Results
5-3 Home Preference Model Results
5-4 Center vs. Home Preference Model Results
5-5 Comparison of Significant Explanatory Variables
5-6 Center Preference Against Home Preference
5-7 C vs. H Preference Against Home and Center Preference
C-1 T-test Results for Factor Variables
C-2 T-test Results for Work-related Variables
C-3 T-test Results for Household-related Variables
C-4 Auxiliary Statistics for Center Preference Model
C-5 Auxiliary Statistics for Home Preference Model
C-6 Auxiliary Statistics for Center vs. Home Preference Model


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to take this opportunity to thank those who have helped to make this thesis research possible. Michael Bagley, Dennis Henderson, and Brett Koenig assisted in the creation of the attitudinal survey instrument. Michelle Derr oversaw the data collection process, and Carol Buckinger provided data cleaning instructions and database programming. Michael Bagley (again) and Sally Ho provided help on statistical procedures.

Thanks also to Professor Paul Jovanis and Professor Debbie Niemeier for their insightful comments and suggestions. I would especially like to thank Professor Patricia Mokhtarian for her technical and theoretical support in all areas of this research, from survey development to paper revisions.

Finally, I owe a large debt of gratitude to my wife, Wendy, who has been extremely understanding and supportive.



ABSTRACT

This report investigates the preference to telecommute from home and from a center. Current studies about telecommuting and the modeling of telecommuting preference are discussed. Survey data were collected from center-based telecommuters, home-based telecommuters, and non-telecommuters, as part of a telecommuting center demonstration project in California. Factor analysis was performed on questions relating to job satisfaction and attitudes about work characteristics. Using these factor scores, as well as travel and sociodemographic variables, the preferences to work from the telecommuting center and to work from home were modeled. Logit models for center preference (rho-squared = 0.70), home preference (rho-squared = 0.76), and center vs. home preference (rho-squared = 0.88) were estimated. The most frequently significant characteristics were personal benefits at the center, work ethic at home, and age. Further research into multinomial logit models of preference using the factor scores as generic and alternative-specific variables is suggested.



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