APPENDIX D: STAYERS AND QUITTERS TABULATIONS AND STATISTICAL TEST RESULTS

APPENDIX D: STAYERS AND QUITTERS TABULATIONS
AND STATISTICAL TEST RESULTS

The tables in this appendix tabulate the results of statistical tests of stayers and quitters, which are described in Chapter 5. Except where noted, the sample sizes are 22 and 24 for the stayers and quitters, respectively. Significantly differing means at a level of significance of 0.10 are marked in boldface type. The calculation for telecommuting frequency (in terms of percent of days) given in Table D-1 is described in Table 3-10. Tables D-2 and D-3 report the mean response from a 5-point scale that runs from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Table D-4 reports the mean response from a 4-point scale that runs from not at all important (1) to extremely important (4).

Table D-1: Relative Telecommuting Frequency Means (Before Survey)

Question Stayers¹ Quitters t-statistic p-value

Job suitability from a center 42.52 42.17 -0.05 0.960

Job suitability from home 22.71 27.67 0.63 0.530

Manager support from a center 37.81 41.33 0.45 0.655

Manager support from home 13.71 23.65² 1.55 0.128

Choice from a center 20.14 10.87² -1.56 0.127

Choice from home 8.10 6.82³ -0.28 0.778

Preference from a center 55.90 50.21 -0.64 0.525

Preference from home 12.16⁴ 23.54 1.72 0.094

Expected from a center 45.43 36.29 -1.23 0.226

Expected from home 8.95 15.48² 1.23 0.224

¹ N = 21 ² N = 23 ³ N = 22 ⁴ N = 19

Table D-2: Job Performance and Satisfaction Means (Before Survey)

1. Respondent's Opinion Stayers Quitters t-statistic p-value

a. Amount of work 4.00 3.88 0.54 0.589

b. Quality of work 4.36 4.38 -0.06 0.953

c. Ability to meet deadlines 4.23 4.21 0.08 0.936

d. Overall productivity 4.14 4.08 0.26 0.793

2. Supervisor's Opinion

a. Amount of work 4.00 4.21 -1.14 0.259

b. Quality of work 4.33 4.42 -0.40 0.688

c. Ability to meet deadlines 4.29 4.33 -0.22 0.823

d. Overall productivity 4.19 4.29 -0.52 0.605

3. Satisfaction Components

a. Supervisor communication⁴ 3.91 3.96 0.17 0.869

b. Promotion opportunity 3.73 4.00 -0.94 0.352

c. No lack of resources⁴ 3.77 3.67 -0.32 0.754

d. Work team is effective 4.04 3.88 0.76 0.453

e. Work well with supervisor 3.82 4.13 -1.47 0.148

f. Clients are not unreasonable⁴ 3.53¹ 3.35² -0.49 0.626

g. Overall satisfaction 3.95 4.00 -0.16 0.874

h. Get a sense of accomplishment 4.09 4.08 0.03 0.980

i. Supervisor appreciation⁴ 4.05 4.25 0.85 0.402

j. Get along well with co-workers⁴ 4.59 4.58 -0.04 0.965

k. Confident in abilities 4.50 4.42 0.56 0.581

l. Unlikely to look for a new job⁴ 3.05 3.67 1.62 0.112

m. Work well with those supervised 4.11³ 4.00³ 0.55 0.587

n. Job is tedious and boring⁴ 4.05 4.08 0.15 0.879

¹ N = 17 ² N = 20 ³ N = 9
⁴ Responses were negatively worded on the survey, but changed to a positive orientation for comparison with other responses.

Table D-3: Work Environment Means (Before Survey)

Question Location Stayers Quitters t-statistic p-value

1. Easy to be motivated Reg. Workplace 3.50 4.00¹ -1.86 0.070

Telecenter 4.18 4.09² 0.45 0.652

Home 3.00 3.42 -1.33 0.192

2. Stressful to work Reg. Workplace 2.82 2.83 -0.04 0.968

Telecenter 1.91 2.04² -0.50 0.619

Home 3.00 2.48² 1.70 0.097

3. Supervisor uncomfortable Reg. Workplace 1.86 1.67 0.90 0.370

Telecenter 2.55 2.17 1.59 0.120

Home 3.18 2.70² 1.54 0.131

4. Professional appearance Reg. Workplace 4.09 4.17² -0.44 0.661

Telecenter 3.82 4.00² -0.80 0.431

Home 2.64 3.00² -1.08 0.287

5. Distractions from others Reg. Workplace 3.68 3.42 0.75 0.455

Telecenter 1.77 2.33 -2.62 0.012

Home 2.91 3.04 -0.36 0.721

6. No free time Reg. Workplace 3.82 3.88 -0.19 0.851

Telecenter 1.95 2.52² -1.75 0.087

Home 2.19³ 2.17² 0.06 0.955

7. Overeat or indulge Reg. Workplace 2.59 1.95 2.14 0.038

Telecenter 2.23 1.74² 2.66 0.011

Home 3.05 2.70² 0.95 0.348

8. Social interaction Reg. Workplace 3.86 4.04 -0.74 0.466

Telecenter 3.32 3.21 0.40 0.694

Home 2.55 2.58 -0.12 0.906

¹ N = 22 ² N = 23 ³ N = 21

Table D-3: Work Environment Means (Continued)

Question Location Stayers Quitters t-statistic p-value

9. Relative independence Reg. Workplace 3.64 3.78¹ -0.54 0.590

Telecenter 4.32 4.17 0.85 0.401

Home 4.23 3.71 1.78 0.082

10. Convenient to run errands Reg. Workplace 3.36 2.58 2.46 0.018

Telecenter 3.77 3.54 0.80 0.426

Home 3.59 3.29 0.97 0.338

11. Not enough space Reg. Workplace 2.73 2.17 1.60 0.116

Telecenter 2.45 2.04¹ 1.54 0.131

Home 3.09 2.75 0.87 0.391

12. Good for the environment Reg. Workplace 1.62² 1.87¹ -1.11 0.274

Telecenter 4.45 4.29 0.85 0.398

Home 4.50 4.42 0.41 0.687

13. Not visible to management Reg. Workplace 2.14 1.91¹ 0.86 0.393

Telecenter 2.86 2.74¹ 0.39 0.698

Home 3.14 3.25 -0.31 0.757

14. Not have needed equipment Reg. Workplace 1.91 1.75 0.76 0.453

Telecenter 1.81² 2.09¹ -1.44 0.157

Home 2.95 3.21 -0.66 0.513

15. Keep home and work separate Reg. Workplace 1.95 1.70¹ 1.22 0.230

Telecenter 1.73 1.91¹ -1.17 0.248

Home 2.82 3.33 -1.29 0.204

16. Control over environment Reg. Workplace 2.27 2.39¹ -0.39 0.702

Telecenter 3.33² 3.08 0.80 0.426

Home 4.23 3.75 1.61 0.114

¹ N = 23 ² N = 21

Table D-3: Work Environment Means (Continued)

Question Location Stayers Quitters t-statistic p-value

17. Cost too much Reg. Workplace 3.59 2.92 1.88 0.067

Telecenter 1.77 1.87¹ -0.52 0.603

Home 2.09 2.13¹ -0.13 0.894

18. Commute is a hassle Reg. Workplace 4.36 4.08 1.07 0.292

Telecenter 1.50 1.88 -1.72 0.093

Home 1.41 1.38 0.19 0.853

19. Work while sick or disabled Reg. Workplace 1.81² 2.08 -1.08 0.287

Telecenter 3.14² 3.28 -0.34 0.739

Home 3.86 4.33 -1.81 0.077

20. Scheduling freedom Reg. Workplace 3.64 3.04 1.75 0.086

Telecenter 4.14 3.75 1.56 0.127

Home 3.95 4.17 -0.90 0.375

21. Can handle dependent care Reg. Workplace 1.67³ 2.50⁴ -1.72 0.102

Telecenter 3.67³ 4.15⁵ -1.27 0.219

Home 3.67³ 4.50⁴ -2.00 0.060

22. Work judged by results Reg. Workplace 3.86² 3.88 -0.06 0.950

Telecenter 3.62² 4.00 -1.38 0.176

Home 3.52² 4.00 -1.59 0.119

23. Household conflicts Reg. Workplace 2.00⁶ 2.44⁷ -1.33 0.194

Telecenter 2.20⁸ 1.78⁷ 1.83 0.077

Home 3.07⁸ 2.50⁷ 1.28 0.209

24. Save me money Reg. Workplace 2.00 1.87¹ 0.44 0.663

Telecenter 4.27 4.00 0.88 0.383

Home 4.09 4.04 0.15 0.882

¹ N = 23 ² N = 21 ³ N = 9 ⁴ N = 12 ⁵ N = 13 ⁶ N = 16 ⁷ N = 18 ⁸ N = 15

Table D-3: Work Environment Means (Continued)

Question Location Stayers Quitters t-statistic p-value

25. Requires self-discipline Reg. Workplace 2.23 2.38 -0.49 0.625

Telecenter 2.18 2.58 -1.29 0.205

Home 3.32 3.83 -1.31 0.197

26. No professional interaction Reg. Workplace 2.36 1.78¹ 2.05 0.047

Telecenter 2.57² 2.88 -1.01 0.320

Home 3.05² 3.38 -0.94 0.353

27. Dress the way I like Reg. Workplace 2.68 2.96 -0.79 0.433

Telecenter 4.18 3.92 1.44 0.157

Home 4.45 4.33 0.66 0.510

28. Balance responsibilities Reg. Workplace 2.86 2.70¹ 0.45 0.655

Telecenter 3.86 4.00¹ -0.60 0.549

Home 3.23 3.67 -1.38 0.175

29. Supervisor communication Reg. Workplace 2.00 1.92 0.34 0.733

Telecenter 2.14² 2.21 -0.24 0.808

Home 2.33² 2.58 -0.73 0.469

30. Work effectively Reg. Workplace 4.05 3.91¹ 0.49 0.624

Telecenter 4.41 4.04 1.83 0.073

Home 3.64 3.57¹ 0.19 0.849

¹ N = 23 ² N = 21

Table D-4: Work Characteristic Importance Rating Means (Before Survey)

Characteristic Stayers Quitters t-statistic p-value

1. Being motivated to work 3.32 3.50 -0.76 0.450

2. Working with little stress 3.00 2.88 0.51 0.614

3. Supervisor be comfortable 3.55 3.46 0.53 0.596

4. Professional environment 2.68 2.42 0.89 0.377

5. Working with no distractions 3.09 3.13 -0.14 0.890

6. Spending time with family/friends 3.36 3.08 1.04 0.306

7. Not overeating or indulging 2.59 2.79 -0.58 0.567

8. Interacting socially at work 2.59 2.63 -0.13 0.894

9. Having work independence 3.45 3.63 -0.99 0.329

10. Running errands while commuting 2.50 2.38 0.44 0.663

11. Having enough work space 3.32 3.29 0.15 0.881

12. Benefitting the environment 3.14 2.92 0.80 0.430

13. Being visible to management 2.36 2.42 -0.21 0.836

14. Having needed equipment 3.68 3.96 -2.23 0.031

15. Separating home and work 3.09 2.96 0.42 0.678

16. Having control over work area 3.36 3.46 -0.49 0.628

17. Not spending own money on work 3.00¹ 2.91² 0.30 0.769
18. Commuting without a hassle 3.41 3.58 -0.75 0.456

19. Working while sick or disabled 2.27 2.54 -0.98 0.334

20. Able to change work schedule 3.27 3.46 -0.85 0.402

21. Able to care for dependent(s) 2.14 2.29 -0.42 0.678

22. Work judged by results 3.77 3.83 -0.45 0.656

23. Minimizing household conflicts 3.05 2.92 0.43 0.668

24. Saving money on work expenses 3.23 3.17² 0.20 0.844

25. Having strong self-discipline 3.45 3.58 -0.70 0.490

¹ N = 21 ² N = 23

Table D-4: Work Characteristic Importance Rating Means (Continued)

Characteristic Stayers Quitters t-statistic p-value

26. Interacting professionally 3.14 2.88 1.05 0.299

27. Dressing the way I like 2.91 3.38 2.02 0.050

28. Balancing home and work 2.95 3.00¹ -0.17 0.867

29. Communicating with supervisor 3.41 3.51 -0.62 0.540

30. Working effectively 3.82 3.96 -1.53 0.133

¹ N = 23

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Question	Stayers¹	Quitters	t-statistic	p-value
Job suitability from a center	42.52	42.17	-0.05	0.960
Job suitability from home	22.71	27.67	0.63	0.530
Manager support from a center	37.81	41.33	0.45	0.655
Manager support from home	13.71	23.65²	1.55	0.128
Choice from a center	20.14	10.87²	-1.56	0.127
Choice from home	8.10	6.82³	-0.28	0.778
Preference from a center	55.90	50.21	-0.64	0.525
Preference from home	12.16⁴	23.54	1.72	0.094
Expected from a center	45.43	36.29	-1.23	0.226
Expected from home	8.95	15.48²	1.23	0.224

1. Respondent's Opinion	Stayers	Quitters	t-statistic	p-value
a. Amount of work	4.00	3.88	0.54	0.589
b. Quality of work	4.36	4.38	-0.06	0.953
c. Ability to meet deadlines	4.23	4.21	0.08	0.936
d. Overall productivity	4.14	4.08	0.26	0.793
2. Supervisor's Opinion
a. Amount of work	4.00	4.21	-1.14	0.259
b. Quality of work	4.33	4.42	-0.40	0.688
c. Ability to meet deadlines	4.29	4.33	-0.22	0.823
d. Overall productivity	4.19	4.29	-0.52	0.605
3. Satisfaction Components
a. Supervisor communication⁴	3.91	3.96	0.17	0.869
b. Promotion opportunity	3.73	4.00	-0.94	0.352
c. No lack of resources⁴	3.77	3.67	-0.32	0.754
d. Work team is effective	4.04	3.88	0.76	0.453
e. Work well with supervisor	3.82	4.13	-1.47	0.148
f. Clients are not unreasonable⁴	3.53¹	3.35²	-0.49	0.626
g. Overall satisfaction	3.95	4.00	-0.16	0.874
h. Get a sense of accomplishment	4.09	4.08	0.03	0.980
i. Supervisor appreciation⁴	4.05	4.25	0.85	0.402
j. Get along well with co-workers⁴	4.59	4.58	-0.04	0.965
k. Confident in abilities	4.50	4.42	0.56	0.581
l. Unlikely to look for a new job⁴	3.05	3.67	1.62	0.112
m. Work well with those supervised	4.11³	4.00³	0.55	0.587
n. Job is tedious and boring⁴	4.05	4.08	0.15	0.879

Question	Location	Stayers	Quitters	t-statistic	p-value
1. Easy to be motivated	Reg. Workplace	3.50	4.00¹	-1.86	0.070
	Telecenter	4.18	4.09²	0.45	0.652
	Home	3.00	3.42	-1.33	0.192
2. Stressful to work	Reg. Workplace	2.82	2.83	-0.04	0.968
	Telecenter	1.91	2.04²	-0.50	0.619
	Home	3.00	2.48²	1.70	0.097
3. Supervisor uncomfortable	Reg. Workplace	1.86	1.67	0.90	0.370
	Telecenter	2.55	2.17	1.59	0.120
	Home	3.18	2.70²	1.54	0.131
4. Professional appearance	Reg. Workplace	4.09	4.17²	-0.44	0.661
	Telecenter	3.82	4.00²	-0.80	0.431
	Home	2.64	3.00²	-1.08	0.287
5. Distractions from others	Reg. Workplace	3.68	3.42	0.75	0.455
	Telecenter	1.77	2.33	-2.62	0.012
	Home	2.91	3.04	-0.36	0.721
6. No free time	Reg. Workplace	3.82	3.88	-0.19	0.851
	Telecenter	1.95	2.52²	-1.75	0.087
	Home	2.19³	2.17²	0.06	0.955
7. Overeat or indulge	Reg. Workplace	2.59	1.95	2.14	0.038
	Telecenter	2.23	1.74²	2.66	0.011
	Home	3.05	2.70²	0.95	0.348
8. Social interaction	Reg. Workplace	3.86	4.04	-0.74	0.466
	Telecenter	3.32	3.21	0.40	0.694
	Home	2.55	2.58	-0.12	0.906

Characteristic	Stayers	Quitters	t-statistic	p-value
1. Being motivated to work	3.32	3.50	-0.76	0.450
2. Working with little stress	3.00	2.88	0.51	0.614
3. Supervisor be comfortable	3.55	3.46	0.53	0.596
4. Professional environment	2.68	2.42	0.89	0.377
5. Working with no distractions	3.09	3.13	-0.14	0.890
6. Spending time with family/friends	3.36	3.08	1.04	0.306
7. Not overeating or indulging	2.59	2.79	-0.58	0.567
8. Interacting socially at work	2.59	2.63	-0.13	0.894
9. Having work independence	3.45	3.63	-0.99	0.329
10. Running errands while commuting	2.50	2.38	0.44	0.663
11. Having enough work space	3.32	3.29	0.15	0.881
12. Benefitting the environment	3.14	2.92	0.80	0.430
13. Being visible to management	2.36	2.42	-0.21	0.836
14. Having needed equipment	3.68	3.96	-2.23	0.031
15. Separating home and work	3.09	2.96	0.42	0.678
16. Having control over work area	3.36	3.46	-0.49	0.628
17. Not spending own money on work	3.00¹	2.91²	0.30	0.769
18. Commuting without a hassle	3.41	3.58	-0.75	0.456
19. Working while sick or disabled	2.27	2.54	-0.98	0.334
20. Able to change work schedule	3.27	3.46	-0.85	0.402
21. Able to care for dependent(s)	2.14	2.29	-0.42	0.678
22. Work judged by results	3.77	3.83	-0.45	0.656
23. Minimizing household conflicts	3.05	2.92	0.43	0.668
24. Saving money on work expenses	3.23	3.17²	0.20	0.844
25. Having strong self-discipline	3.45	3.58	-0.70	0.490