2005 Research Reports

A Near-Term Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Fueling Stations. Weinert, Jonathan. ITS-Davis. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-04.

A Multi-Country Analysis of Lifecycle Emissions From Transportation Fuels and Motor Vehicles. Delucchi, Mark. ITS-Davis. May 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-10.

AVCEM: Advanced Vehicle Cost and Energy Use Model. Overview of AVCEM. Delucchi, Mark. ITS-Davis. October 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-17(1).

An Empirical Analysis of Causality in the Relationship Between Telecommuting and Residential and Job Relocation. Ory, David T.; Mokhtarian, Pat. IGERT and UCTC Program. February 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-03.

An Exploratory Report Using and AIDS Model For Tradeoffs Between Time Allocations to Maintenance Activities/Travel and Discretionary Activities/Travel. Chen, Cynthia; Mokhtarian, Pat. ITS-Davis. February 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-09.

Assessing Reliability in Transportation Energy Supply Pathways: A Hydrogen Case Study. McCarthy, Ryan W.; Ogden, Joan M. ITS-Davis. November 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-20.

Carsharing and Station Cars in Asia: An Overview of Japan and Singapore. Barth, M.; Shaheen, Susan; Fukuda, T.; and Fukuda A. ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-12.

Carsharing in North America: Market Growth, Current Developments, and Future Potential. Shaheen, Susan, Cohen, A.; Roberts, Darius. ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-11.

Don't Work, Work at Home, or Commute? Discrete Choice Models of the Decision for San Francisco Bay Area Residents. Mokhtarian, Pat; Ory, David. UCTC Program. March 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-05.

EasyConnect II: Integrating Transportation, Information, and Energy Technologies at Transit Oriented Developments. Shaheen, S.A.; Rodier, C.J.; and Seelig, J. ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-14.

Effects of Vehicle Image in Gasoline-Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Heffner, Rusty; Kurani, Ken; Turrentine, Tom. ITS-Davis. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-08.

Foreseeing the Market for Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles: Stakeholders' Perspectives and Models of New Technology Diffusion. Collantes, Gustavo. ITS-Davis. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-27.

Hydrogen Bus Technology Validation Program. Burke, Andy; McCaffrey, Zach; Miller, Marshall; Collier, Kirk; Mulligan, Neal. ITS-Davis. May 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-29.

Hydrogen Storage Options: Technologies and Comparisons for Light-Duty Vehicle Applications. Burke, Andrew. Gardiner, Monterey. Hydrogen Pathways Program. January 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-01.

Implementing a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and System Design. Ogden, Joan M.; Yang, Christopher. ITS-Davis. Presented at the Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, Boston, MA, November 28, 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-28.

Incorporating the Effect of Price Changes on CO₂-Equivalent Emissions From Alternative-Fuel Lifecycles: Scoping the Issues. Delucchi, Mark. ITS-Davis. October 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-19.

Integrated Graduate Education & Research Traineeships (IGERT): Transportation Technology & Policy Executive Summary. Mokhtarian, Patricia L.; Tolentino, Joan S. ITS-Davis. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-26.

Integrated Graduate Education & Research Traineeships (IGERT): Transportation Technology & Policy Final Grant Report. Mokhtarian, Patricia L.; Tolentino, Joan S. ITS-Davis. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-25.

Motor-Vehicle Infrastructure and Services Provided by the Public Sector: Report #7 in the series: The Annualized Social Cost of Motor-Vehicle Use in the United States, based on 1990-1991 Data. Delucchi, Mark; Murphy, J. ITS-Davis. August 2005, UCD-ITS-RR-96-3 (7) rev. 2 . *Minor revisions October 2004. Updated with data through 2003, August 2005.

Smart Parking Management Field Test: A Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Parking Demonstration. Shaheen, Susan. California PATH Program. January 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-02.

Stakeholders' Perspectives on Hydrogen Policy: A Factor Analysis. Collantes, Gustavo. ITS-Davis. November 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-22.

Tax and Fee Payments by Motor-Vehicle Users for the Use of Highways, Fuels, and Vehicles: Report #17 in the series: The Annualized Social Cost of Motor-Vehicle Use in the United States, based on 1990-1991 Data. Delucchi, Mark. ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-96-3 (17).

Technical and Economic Assessment of Transition Strategies toward Widespread Use of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier. Ogden, Joan; Yang, Christopher; Johnson, Nils; Ni, Jason; Lin, Zhenhong. Hydrogen Pathways Report to the United States Department of Energy. January 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-06.

The Hydrogen Policy Survey: Descriptive Statistics of the Study Sample and Their Policy Perspectives. Collantes, Gustavo. ITS-Davis. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-21.

The Impact of Telecommuting on Commute Time, Distance, and Speed of State of California Workers. Ory, David T.; Mokhtarian, Patricia L. ITS-Davis. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-23.

The Intended and Actual Adoption of Online Purchasing: A Brief Review of Recent Literature. Cao, Xinyu; Mokhtarian, Pat. ITS-Davis. May 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-07.

The Social-Cost Calculator (SCC): Documentation of Methods and Data, and Case Study of  Sacramento. Delucchi, Mark. ITS-Davis for the Sacramento Area Council of Govermnents (SACOG) and the Northeast States for Coordinated Air-Use Management (NESCAUM). September 2005. Revision 1, March 2006. UCD-ITS-RR-05-18.

The Travel Behavior of Immigrants and Race/Ethnicity Groups: An Analysis of the 2001 National Household Transportation Survey. Tal, Gil; Handy, Susan. ITS-Davis. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-24.

Transit-Based Smart Parking: Early Field Test Results. Rodier, C.J. and Shaheen, Susan. ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-15.

Verifying the Accuracy of Land Use Models Used in Transportation and Air Quality: A Case Study in the Sacramento, California Region. Rodier, C.J. ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-16.

Virtual Commercial Vehicle Compliance Stations: A Review of Legal and Institutional Issues. Rodier, C.J.; Shaheen, Susan; and Cavanagh, E. ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCD-ITS-RR-05-13.

2005 Pavement Research Center Publications

Research Reports

Characterization of Effective Built-in Curling and Concrete Pavement Cracking on the Palmdale Test Sections. Rao, S.; Roesler, J. Draft report prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. May 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-09.

Development of Empirical-Mechanistic Pavement Performance Models using Data from the Washington State PMS Database. Madanat, S.; Ziad, N.; Sathaye, N. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. October 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-05.

Economic Implications of Selection of Long-Life versus Conventional Caltrans Rehabilitation Strategies for High-Volume Highways. Jones, D.; Lee, C.; Harvey, J. Draft report prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-08.

Goal 4 Long Life Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies-Rigid: Flexural Fatigue Life of Hydraulic Cement Concrete Beams. Kohler, E.; Ali, A.; Harvey, J. Draft report prepared for California Department of Transportation Division of Research and Innovation Office of Roadway Research. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-04.

HVS Testing of the Palmdale Test Site, North Tangent Sections: Evaluation of Long Life Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies-Rigid. Du Plessis, L.; Jooste, F.; Keckwick, S.; Steyn, W. Draft report prepared for the California Department of Transportation. CSIR Transportek, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-02.

Laboratory Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Steel Dowels in Concrete Pavement. Mancio, M.; Carlos, Jr., C.; Zhang, J.; Harvey, J. T.; Monteiro, P.J.M.; Ali, A. Draft report prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. May 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-10.

Pilot Project for Fixed Segmentation of the Pavement Network. Kohler, E.; Santero, N.; Harvey, J. Final report prepared for California Department of Transportation Division of Research and Innovation, Office of Roadway Research. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. December 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-11.

Sensitivity Analysis of 2002 Design Guide Rigid Pavement Distress Prediction Models. Kannekanti, V.; Harvey, J. Draft report prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-01.

Summary of Construction Activities and Results from Six Initial Accelerated Pavement Tests Conducted on Asphalt Concrete Pavement Section for Modified-Binder Overlay. Bejarano, M.; Morton, B.; Scheffy, C. Draft report prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. August 2005. UCPRC-RR-2005-03.

Work Plans

Work Plan for: "Investigation of Noise, Durability, Permeability and Friction Performance Trends for Asphaltic Pavement Surface Types," PPRC Strategic Plan Item 4.16. Prepared for the California Department of Transportation Division of Research and Innovation Office of Roadway Research. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-WP-2005-01.

Technical Memorandums

Evaluation of I-10 Pomona (07-181304) Long-Life Pavement Rehabilitation Costs. Harvey, J.; Santero, N.; Fermo, M. G. Technical Memorandum prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-5.

Evaluation of I-15 Devore (08-0A4224) Long-Life Pavement Rehabilitation Costs. Fermo, M. G.; Santero, N.; Nokes, W.; Harvey, J. Technical Memorandum prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-8.

Evaluation of I-80 Long-Life Corridor Costs. Santero, N.; Nokes, W.; Harvey, J. Technical Memorandum prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-4.

Evaluation of I-710 Long Beach (07-1384U4) Long-Life Pavement Rehabilitation Costs. Harvey, J.; Santero, N.; Lee, H.; du Toit, W.; Fermo, M. G. Technical Memorandum prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-6.

Evaluation of New Patching Material for Open-Graded Asphalt Concrete (OGAC) Wearing Courses. Frick, K. Technical Memorandum prepared by the California Department of Transportation with the assistance of the UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-9.

Relationship between DCP, Stiffness, Shear Strength, and R-value. Jones, D.; Harvey, J. Technical Memorandum prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. July 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-12.

Report of Field Site Visit District 3, Sacramento Interstate 5, PM 17.2-17.9 RAC-O Overlay. Ongel, A.; Santero, N.; Harvey, J. Technical Memorandum prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-7.

Report of Trip to SR-86, District 11, Near Brawley, California: Work Conducted under Strategic Plan Task 4.14. Lee, C. Technical Memorandum prepared for the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. February 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-1.

Virtual Weigh Stations: The Business Case. Santero, N.; Nokes, W.; Harvey, J. Technical Memorandum prepared for the Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH) and the California Department of Transportation. UC Pavement Research Center, ITS-Berkeley/ITS-Davis. June 2005. UCPRC-TM-2005-3.

2005 Reprints

A Comparison of the UCD/CIT Air Quality Model and the CMB Source-Receptor Model for Primary Airborne Particulate Matter. Held, Tony; Ying, Qi; Kleeman, Michael J.; Schauer, James J.; Fraser, Matthew P. Atmospheric Environment. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-20.

A Framework for Testing Innovative Transportation Solutions: A Case Study of CarLink--A Commuter Carsharing Program. Shaheen, Susan. Transportation Research Record. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-01.

A Near-Term Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Fueling Stations. Weinert, Jonathan; Ogden, Joan. ITS-Davis. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-12.

A Path to Hydrogen. Ogden, J.; Sperling, D. Engine Technology International. March 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-37.

An Analysis of the Day-to-Day Variability in an Individual's Action Space: Exploration of 6-week Mobidrive Travel Diary Data. Susilo, Y.O.; Kitamura, R. Transportation Research Record. January 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-35.

Analyzing Natural Gas Based Hydrogen Infrastructure - Optimizing Transitions from Distributed to Centralized H₂ Production. Yang, Christopher; Ogden, Joan. Partnering for the Global Hydrogen Future, NHA Conference. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-23.

Arriving on Time. Fan, Y. Y.; Kalaba, R. E.; Moore, J. E. II. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-27.

Assessing Reliability In Hydrogen Supply Pathways. McCarthy, Ryan; Ogden, Joan. Partnering for the Global Hydrogen Future, NHA Conference. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-05.

Conceptual Design of a Fossil Hydrogen Infrastructure with Capture and Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide: Case Study in Ohio. Ogden, J.; Johnson, N.; Yang, C.; Ni, J.; Lin, Z.; Johnson, J.; Figueroa, J. Proceedings of the 4th National Carbon Sequestration Meeting, Arlington, VA. May 2-5, 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-34.

Control Strategies for the Reduction of Airborne Particulate Nitrate in California's San Joaquin Valley. Kleeman, Michael J.; Ying, Qi; Kaduwela, Ajith. Atmospheric Environment. September 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-19.

Correlation or Causality between the Built Environment and Travel Behavior? Evidence from Northern California. Handy, Susan; Cao, Xinyu; Mokhtarian, Patricia. Transportation Research Part D. November 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-15.

Do Telecommunications Affect Passenger Travel or Vice Versa? Structural Equation Models of Aggregate U.S. Time Series Data Using Composite Indexes. Choo, Sangho; Mokhtarian, Patricia L. Transportation Research Record. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-46.

Driving by Choice or Necessity? Handy, Susan; Weston, Lisa; Mokhtarian, Patricia L. Transportation Research Part A. March 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-29.

Energy Efficiency, Fuel Economy, and Policy Implications. Lutsey, Nicholas; Sperling, Daniel. Transportation Research Record. February 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-42.

Estimating Hydrogen Demand Distribution Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Ni, Jason; Johnson, Nils; Ogden, Joan; Yang, Chris; Johnson, Joshua. Partnering for the Global Hydrogen Future, NHA Conference. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-10.

Evolution of Particle Number Distribution near Roadways. Part III: Traffic Analysis and On-road Size Resolved Particulate Emission Factors. Zhang, K.M.; Wexler, A.S.; Niemeier, D.A.; Zhu, Y.F.; Hinds, W.C.; Sioutas, C. Atmospheric Environment. July 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-18.

Florida Activity Mobility Simulator: Overview and Preliminary Validation Results. Pendyala, R.M.; Kitamura, R.; Kikuchi, A.; Yamamoto, T.; Fujii, S. Transportation Research Record. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-36.

How Do Individuals Adapt Their Personal Travel? A Conceptual Exploration of the Consideration of the Travel-Related Strategies. Cao, Xinyu; Mokhtarian, Pat. Transport Policy. May 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-14. Available at www.sciencedirect.com

How Do Individuals Adapt Their Personal Travel? Objective and Subjective Influences on the Consideration of Travel-Related Strategies for San Francisco Bay Area Commuters. Cao, Xinyu; Mokhtarian, Pat. Transport Policy. July 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-24. Available at www.sciencedirect.com

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells – Refining the Message Initiating a National Dialogue and Educational Agenda. Eggert, Anthony; Kurani, Ken; Turrentine, Tom; Ogden, Joan; Sperling, Dan; Winston, Emily. Partnering for the Global Hydrogen Future, NHA Conference. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-11.

Hydrogen Energy Stations: Bridging the Gap Between Transportation and Stationary Power. Weinert, Jonathan; Lipman, Tim; Unnasch, Stephen. Transportation Research Board. January 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-06.

Hydrogen Highways. Lipman, Timothy. Access Magazine. Fall 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-21.

Hydrogen Strategies: an Integrated Resource Planning Analysis for the Development of Hydrogen Energy Infrastructures. Pigneri, Attilio. Proceedings International Hydrogen Energy Congress and Exhibition, Istanbul, Turkey. 13-15 July 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-32.

Improving Bay Area Rapid Transit (Bart) District Connectivity and Access with the Segway Human Transporter and Other Low-Speed Mobility Devices. Shaheen, Susan. Transportation Research Record. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-03.

Integrated Hydrogen and Intelligent Transportation Systems Evaluation for the California Department of Transportation. Lipman, Timothy E.; Shaheen, Susan. California PATH Research Report. November 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-40.

Is Travel Demand Insatiable? A Study of Changes in Structural Relationships Underlying Travel. Kitamura, R.; Susilo, Y.O. Transportmetrica. January 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-33.

Marketable Emission Permits and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Greenhouse Gas Reduction. Hughes, Jonathan E. World Resource Review. December 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-17.

Measuring the Measurable: Why can't we Agree on the Number of Telecommuters in the U.S.? Mokhtarian, Patricia L.; Salomon, Ilan; Choo, Sangho. Quality & Quantity. August 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-16.

Optimal Design of a Fossil Fuel-Based Hydrogen Infrastructure with Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Case Study in Ohio. Johnson, Nils; Yang, Christopher; Ni, Jason; Johnson, Joshua; Lin, Zhenhong; Odgen, Joan. Partnering for the Global Hydrogen Future, NHA Conference. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-07

Optimal Dynamic Strategy of Building a Hydrogen Infrastructure in Beijing. Lin, Z.; Ogden, J.; Fan, Y.; Sperling, D. Proceedings of the Fourth Asia Pacific Conference on Transportation and the Environment. November 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-38.

Planning for Accessibility: In Theory and In Practice. Handy, Susan. Access to Destinations, Levinson, D.M.; Krizek, K.J.; ed. 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-44.

Rationality and Heterogeneity in Taxi Driver Decisions: Application of a Stochastic-Process Model of Taxi Behavior. Kitamura, Ryuichi; Yoshii, Toshio. Transportation and Traffic Theory: Flow, Dynamics and Human Interaction. July 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-25.

Renewable Hydrogen From Wind in California. Bartholomy, Obadiah. Partnering for the Global Hydrogen Future, NHA Conference. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-09

Rural Vehicles in China: Appropriate Policy for Appropriate Technology. Sperling, Dan; Lin, Zhenhong; Hamilton, Peter. Transport Policy. March 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-13.

Shortest Paths in Stochastic Networks with Correlated Link Costs. Fan, Y. Y.; Kalaba, R. E.; Moore, J. E. II. Computers & Mathematics with Applications. May 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-26.

Smart Growth and the Transportation-Land Use Connection: What Does the Research Tell Us? Handy, Susan. International Regional Science Review. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-30.

State-Local Coordination in Managing Land Use and Transportation along State Highways. Vanka, Salila; Handy, Susan; Kockelman, Kara M. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. March 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-31.

Technical and Economic Studies of Regional Transition Strategies Toward Widespread Use of Hydrogen Energy. Ogden, J.; Johnson, N.; Yang, C.; Ni, J.; Lin, Z.; Johnson J. Proceedings of the US DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Annual Review Meeting, Arlington, VA. May 23-26, 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-28.

Technical Options For Distributed Hydrogen Refueling Stations in a Market Driven Situation. Simonnet, Antoine. Partnering for the Global Hydrogen Future, NHA Conference. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-08

The Transition to Hydrogen. Ogden, Joan. Access Magazine. Fall 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-22.

Times of Bicycle Crossings: Case Study of Davis, California. Rubins, Daniel I.; Handy, Susan. Transportation Research Record. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-41.

Transit-Based Smart Parking in the San Francisco Bay Area: An Assessment of User Demand and Behavioral Effects. Eaken, Amanda; Rodier, Caroline; Shaheen, Susan. Transportation Research Record. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-04.

Travel Effects of a Suburban Commuter-Carsharing Service: A CarLink Case Study. Shaheen, Susan. Transportation Research Record. April 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-02.

Using the Three-Stage Weibull Equation and Tree-Based Model to Characterize the Mix Fatigue Damage Process. Tsai, Bor-Wen; Harvey, John T.; Monismith, Carl L. Transportation Research Record. February 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-43.

Virtual Commercial Vehicle Control Stations for California: A Review of Legal and Institutional Issues. Rodier, Caroline J.; Shaheen, Susan A.; Cavanagh, Ellen. California PATH Research Report. November 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-39.

What if You Live in the Wrong Neighborhood? The Impact of Residential Neighborhood Type Dissonance on Distance Traveled. Schwanen, Tim; Mokhtarian, Patricia L. Transportation Research Part D. March 2005. UCD-ITS-RP-05-45.